What is the difference between formative and summative assessments?

Formative assessments are an integral part of the learning process, designed to provide ongoing feedback to both students and teachers. They occur throughout the instructional period and are aimed at helping teachers adjust their teaching strategies and improve student understanding. This continuous feedback loop allows for immediate intervention and support, addressing student needs as they arise.

In contrast, summative assessments take place at the conclusion of an instructional period, such as the end of a unit or term, and serve to evaluate and measure what students have learned over that period. These assessments are typically used to assign grades and determine if learning objectives have been met.

The distinction highlighted in the correct answer emphasizes the purpose and timing of both types of assessments: formative assessments are proactive and instructional, while summative assessments are retrospective and evaluative. This understanding is crucial for educators to effectively plan and enhance teaching and learning outcomes.